Cecille's Creativity

In 1981, an airport at Jeddah in western Saudi Arabia became the world's largest. Two years later, Saudi Arabia completed an even larger airport at the capital, Riyadh.

King Abdul-Aziz International Airport at Jeddah was built mainly to receive the nearly two million Muslim pilgrims who visit Mecca each year.

The airport site covers 45 square miles. There are two main runways and four terminals. The Haj terminal, the world's largest roofed building, covers more than half a square mile. In style, it resembles a cluster of nomads' tents, but it has marble walls and glass-fiber roofs.

In 1983, the even larger King Khaled Airport opened at Riyadh. This also has two runways and four terminals. There is a royal pavilion, as we ll as covered parking for 7,700 cars, and buildings for the people who live and work there.

Atacama is the driest desert. It is hemmed in between the Pacific Ocean and the Andes mountains. The Andes shut out all winds form the east. Like the other hot deserts of the world, the Atacama lies astride one of the Tropics where air pressure is high. The air descends and is therefore warm and dry. There is little cloud, so the sunny days are intensely hot, but the starry nights can be cold.

The Atacama Desert is exceptionally dry, but rainfall is very low in all desert areas. Cairo, in the eastern Sahara, averages 1.12 inches a year. Bahrain, on the edge of the Arabian Desert, has 3.2 inches. But average rainfall figures for deserts can be confusing: there may be heavy storms on a few days in some years, and almost continuous drought in others.

Not all the dry parts of the earth are also hot. Large areas of Central Asia are sheltered by mountains from any rain-bearing winds. Yet deserts such as the Gobi are very cold in winter. The Polar lands are also very dry - although the moisture that does fall accumulates as snow.

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The artificial lake with the greatest area is Lake Volta in Ghana, West Africa. The Bratsk Reservoir on the Angara River in the USSR holds the greatest volume of water in an artificial lake.

In 1965, the Akosombo Dam was completed across the Volta River. The dam is built at the southern end of a gorge and produces hydroelectric power. Lake Volta began to build up behind the dam in the valley of the Volta River and its main headwaters, the Black Volta and the White Volta. Altogether, the lake now covers 3,276 square miles and its shoreline is 4,495 miles long. Villagers had to move from the flooded area to the new shoreline where they began a fishing industry.

Lake Volta is large but fairly shallow. In places, the remains of flooded forests can still be seen. Its total volume is 36 cubic miles - compared to 40 cubic miles for the USSR's Bratcsk Reservoir.

The Dead Sea, on the borders of Israel and Jordan, is the world's saltiest sea. It is over ten times saltier than the average ocean.

The Dead Sea gas bi exit. Most of its water comes from the north, in the River Jordan. Mineral springs at the bottom of the Dead Sea, and around its shores, add to the salts in the water. The climate is very hot and dry, so an enormous amount of water is lost by evaporation. Salts in the water are therefore very concentrated. They are extracted in large evaporation pans.

The shores of the Dead Sea are the lowest exposed point on the earth's surface: 1,289 feet below sea level.

To the south is the Red Sea, the saltiest part of the open sea. The salt is concentrated because so mush water evaporates in the hot sun and so little is added from the surrounding desert.

Brasilia is a city built in east-central Brazil. In 1960 it replaced Rio de Jainero as Brazil's center of government.

Brasilia stands on a plateau about 600 miles northwest of Rio de Jainero. By building a new capital in the interior, Brasilia's planner hoped to open up the undeveloped heart of the country.

Many cities grow gradually, according to no particular plan, but Brasilia was carefully designed and built. Lucio Costa planned its layout to look like a huge cross. The Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer designed the main buildings. Many are tall slabs of concrete and glass. Buildings housing the three areas of government meet at the Plaza of Three Powers, which is a huge triangular space.

Construction of Brasilia began in the late 1950s. Its population is now approaching one million.

The Roman Catholic Church has its center at Vatican City, in Italy's capital, Rome. The Vatican Palace is the home of the Pope, the head of the Roman Catholic Church.

The Pope reigns from Rome because Roman Catholics believe that St. Peter made Rome, the center of the early Christan Church. Catholics believe that Christ chose Peter to be the head of the church on earth. They think of St. Peter as the first bishop of Rome, and the popes as St. Peter's successors.

St. Peter is thought to life buried in the Vatican, under St. Peter's Basilica. This is the world's largest church. It is built in the shaped of a cross and crowned by a vast dome. Beneath this, is a huge bronze canopy cover the altar. St. Peter's can hold up to 50,000 people. Huge crowds gather outside, in the immense Square of St. Peter, to hear the Pope speak from a balcony.

Since the late 1700s, explorers have found many ancient ruined pyramids in the forests of Central American. American Indians had built the pyramids centuries earlier.

Old Stone pyramids stand in parts of Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras. They were used as temples. Most had flights of steps that led up to a small room on top. Here, priests used to sacrifice animals or people to their gods.

The first of these pyramids were built more than 3,000 years ago. Some are the largest (nut not the tallest) pyramids on earth. Pyramid builders included peoples such as the Zapotecs, Mixtecs, Mayas, Toltecs and Aztecs.

In time, the pyramids and nearby towns were abandoned. This probably happened when the land around no longer produced enough crops or water to meet the needs of the people.

The country with the largest population is the People's Republic of China. By the mid-1980s China had more than 1,000 million inhabitants.

China is the world's third largest country after the USSR and Canada, but it has the largest population. One person out of every four on earth lives in China.

Most Chinese people live in cities and on farms in the valleys and plains of eastern China. Few live in the deserts of the north or the vast mountainous areas of the west.

The Chinese population has grown fast with improved methods of farming and health care. The Chinese are worried by the rate of increase. They fear that there will not be enough food for future generations. The government is trying to reduce the population by discouraging parents from having more than one child.

Timbuktu is an ancient African town just south of the Sahara Desert. It was once one of the biggest, richest and most famous cities in Africa.

Timbuktu is near the Niger River, in the center of the republic of Mali. Here the desert meets more fertile land to the south. Timbuktu grew up where farmers met nomads of trade. Its name means "place of Buktu." According to legend, a slave called Buktu was left there to mind her nomad owners' possessions.

In the Middle Ages, Timbuktu became famous for gold, salt and slaves. Camel caravans stopped there on long trading treks across the Sahara. By the 1500s, Timbuktu was also a great center of Muslim learning and had a million inhabitants.

Hundreds of years of warfare followed. Timbuktu was a ruined town when the French conquered it in 1893. Today Timbuktu is a small town of flat-roofed homes built of sun-dried mud brick. It trades mainly in salt.

Disneyland is the world's best-known amusement park. The American film producer Walt Disney built it at Anaheim in California. Disneyland is about 25 miles southeast of Los Angeles.

Some people rate Disneyland as one of the seven wonders of the modern world. Millions of parents and children go there each year from all over the world to enjoy the park's main amusement areas. These are Adventureland, Frontierland, Fantasyland and Tomorrowland.

Visitors enjoy a huge range of attractions. They can bobsled down a miniature Matterhorn mountain, speed through outer space, glide Frontier, go on a jungle safari, or be fired on by pirates.

Among the most popular sights are daily parades that include Disney cartoon characters. many events have been added since Disneyland opened in 1955.